8th Migration Observatory Report
The eighth edition of the Migration Observatory annual report on immigrant integration in Europe is focused on the skill mismatch and the overeducation of immigrants in Europe. First, it investigates the differentials in labour market outcomes between natives, foreign-educated immigrants, domestically-educated immigrants, and second generations. Then, it focuses on highly educated (first and second-generation) migrants only and analyse their economic integration in terms of employment probability, job quality, and skill mismatch relative to natives.
7th Migration Observatory Report
The seventh edition of the Migration Observatory annual report on immigrant integration in Europe is focused on naturalization patterns of immigrants in Europe and on the labour market differentials between naturalized and non-naturalized immigrants. First, it describes the main patterns characterizing naturalizations in Europe over the last decade; then, it describes the characteristics of naturalized vis-a-vis non-naturalized long-term immigrants; finally, it analyses the so-called naturalization premium, i.e. the differentials in labour market outcomes between naturalized and non-naturalized long-term immigrants.
6th Migration Observatory Report
Motivated also by the observation of the higher job toll paid by immigrant women during the pandemic, this sixth edition of the Migration Observatory Report focuses in particular on the economic integration of immigrant women in Europe. Women account for more than half of the overall immigrant population in the EU, have on average a higher level of education relative to immigrant men, but their labour market performance is weaker – even compared to native women, and it has been deteriorating over time.
5th Migration Observatory Report
The defining theme of 2020 has certainly been the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The fifth Migration Observatory Report focuses on Italy, the first European country that had to deal with the coronavirus, and that was also the first to implement drastic lockdown measures which severely affected all of its residents. We provide a first analysis of the short-run effects of the pandemic on immigrants’ labour market outcomes, which will highlight the stronger toll that the coronavirus shock took on the foreign-born population, and specifically on less educated immigrants and on women.
4th Migration Observatory Report
The Fourth Annual Report explores the geography of migration. We show that clustering and agglomeration, in regions and in occupations, play a central role in shaping immigrant integration. Immigrants’ employment probability is - on average - not too different from that of natives, also because immigrants are concentrated in the most economically successful regions within a country. However, immigrants have considerably lower wages than natives, largely because they tend to be employed in low pay occupations. The tension between living in richer regions and performing low skilled jobs may contribute to explain the common misperceptions of natives with respect to immigration.
3rd Migration Observatory Report
This report takes a long-term perspective, and studies the experience of six key EU countries – France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the UK – in terms of immigrant integration over the last two decades (1995-2016). The proportion of immigrants in the country population has converged within these six countries over time, so that countries with an initially low immigrant stock, like Italy and Spain, have now similar levels of immigration to countries with a longer history of immigration, like France and Germany.
2nd Migration Observatory Report
Italy has only recently reached a level of immigration comparable to the largest EU15 countries, but its immigrant population tends to be less skilled than elsewhere in the EU, while at the same time displaying both higher employment rates and lower wage levels than comparable natives. This report provides an in-depth analysis of immigrant integration in the Italian labour market, paying attention to the changes occurred during the last decade, while at the same time providing evidence on immigrant assimilation profiles in employment probability, occupational distribution, and wage levels.
1st Migration Observatory Report
While recognising that integration is a multi-faceted concept, and that the political, social and economic integration of immigrants may proceed at different paces, on trajectories sometimes loosely related, this report aims to provide a concise but comprehensive and updated overview on the economic integration of immigrants in Europe, focusing especially on their labour market outcomes relative to natives.
Articles
First and second generation immigrants in the European labour markets
Education and assimilationImmigrants with a foreign education have the most significant employment probability gap (13 p.p.) relative to natives (Figure 3). Such a gap cannot be explained by differences in the age, gender and educational composition of the two populations: when compared to natives with the same demographic profile, the employment probability gap of foreign-educated immigrants is still ten percentage points.Naturalizations patterns in Europe
Citizenship acquisitionOverall, according to Eurostat data, there were about 905 thousand naturalizations across European countries in 2021, a 40% increase relative to the 648 thousand naturalizations in 2011. Besides 2021, a second major annual peak of naturalizations happened in 2016, when more than 900 thousand immigrants naturalized across the whole Europe.Immigrant women and elementary jobs
Gender and ImmigrationAlmost one fourth of immigrant women in Europe (24%, 25% in EU14 countries) are employed in “elementary occupations”, i.e., occupations that require a low level of skills and competences as they consist of simple and routine tasks, which often demand some physical effort and the use of hand-held tools.The immigrant population in Italy
Immigration in ItalyThe immigrant population in Italy has slowly, but quite steadily, increased over the last decade.The effects of the COVID-19 crisis on immigrants in Italy
COVID-19, Immigration in ItalyThe data suggests that immigrants may have been more exposed than natives to the coronavirus-induced crisis that has unfolded during 2020, and Italy was the first European country strongly hit by the virus.Why do immigrant women migrate to Europe?
Gender and ImmigrationHow can such a large additional immigrant-specific gender gap be explained? In this article we investigate the role of reason for migration in the determination of labour market outcomes.
Other research
Lifting Barriers to Skill Transferability: Immigrant Integration through Occupational Recognition, LdA WP no.498
Other researchAbstract: While Western countries worry about labor shortages, their institutional barriers to skill transferability prevent immigrants from fully utilizing foreign qualifications. Combining administrative and … Continue reading “Lifting Barriers to Skill Transferability: Immigrant Integration through Occupational Recognition, LdA WP no.498”The Overeducation of Immigrants in Europe, LdA WP no. 496
Other researchAbstract: This paper explores the overeducation of tertiary-educated migrants in European labour markets. Using data from the European Labour Force Survey (2012–2022), we show … Continue reading “The Overeducation of Immigrants in Europe, LdA WP no. 496”From Refugees to Citizens: Labor Market Returns to Naturalization, LdA WP no. 489
Other researchAbstract: Is naturalization an effective tool to boost refugees’ labor market integration? We address this novel empirical question by exploring survey data from 20 … Continue reading “From Refugees to Citizens: Labor Market Returns to Naturalization, LdA WP no. 489”