Immigration is once again at the forefront of policy debate in many European countries. Public opinion
concerns are caused not only by the recent refugees crisis but also by the increases in intra-EU mobility
and in the inflows of economic migrants in the Union. Using data from the latest editions of the European
Labour Force Survey, the Migration Observatory Annual Reports provide fresh and updated evidence on the
economic integration of immigrants in Europe, focusing especially on their labour market outcomes.
This is the eighth edition of the Migration Observatory annual report on immigrant integration in Europe. This year, we focus on the skill mismatch and the overeducation of immigrants in Europe.
The report is articulated in two parts. In the first part, we use data from the latest edition of the European Labour Force Survey (2022) to provide a concise, easily accessible, and up-to-date source of reference regarding the size, characteristics, and relative economic performance of immigrants in EU countries.
In the second part, instead, we focus on skill mismatch and overeducation risk in the context of immigrant assimilation. First, we investigate the differentials in labour market outcomes between natives, foreign-educated immigrants, domestically-educated immigrants, and second generations. Then, we focus on highly educated (first and second-generation) migrants only and analyse their economic integration in terms of employment probability, job quality, and skill mismatch relative to natives.
We show that highly skilled migrants display lower employment probability than comparable natives. Moreover, especially those with foreign qualifications are also employed in lower paying occupations and display significantly higher overeducation than natives, with differences that are persistent over time.
Download the 8th Migration Observatory Report
Professor of Economics at the Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods of the University of Milan. He is also a Research Fellow CEPR, at CReAM, the Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration at University College London (UCL), at Centro Studi Luca d'Agliano (LdA) and at IZA. He received his PhD in Economics from University College London in 2010. His main research interests are in Applied Microeconomics, Labour Economics and the Economics of Migration. His work has been published in journals such as the Review of Economic Studies, the Journal of the European Eocnomic Association, the Economic Journal, the Journal of Economic Geography, and Economic Policy among others.
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Angela Dalmonte holds a Master’s degree in Economics and Political Science from the University of Milan. In 2023-2024 she worked at the Migration Observatory of Centro Studi Luca d'Agliano, investigating skill-mismatch in the labor market and the incidence and patterns of overeducation. She is currently pre-doctoral fellow at the Department of Economics at Sciences Po Paris. Her research interests include the Economics of Education, Labor Economics and Economics of Migration.
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